Operates are symbols that tell the compiler to perform a mathematical or logical operation. There are used to manipulate a variable or constant. And easy form of operator is the “+” operator, which tells to add a value to a variable.
Operators example
int x = 3; x = x + 1;
Where x is an integer and the operator is telling the compiler to add the value ‘1’ to x. The final value of x will be 3.
In C#, the following types of operators are available:
- Arithmetic operators – Used to perform mathematical operations, such as ‘addition’ and ‘subtraction’.
- Relational operators – used to check the relationship between two operands.
- Comparison operators – used to compare two literals or variables.
- Assignment operators – used to assign values to variables.
- Logical operators – used with Boolean data type and Boolean expression.
- Bitwise operators – used to perform operations on binary form of a numerical data.
- Miscellaneous Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations to variables, such as addition and subtraction.
Example of arithmetic operators
int a = 6, b = 4; int z = a + b; // '+' is the operator in this example.
The table below represents the arithmetic operator available in C#:
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
+ | To adds two operands. | a + b |
- | To Subtracts second operand from the first. | a - b |
* | To multiplies the operands. | a * b |
/ | To divides numerator by de-numerator. | a / b |
% | To modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division. | a % b |
++ | To Increment operator increases integer value by one. | a++ |
-- | To Decrement operator decreases integer value by one. | a-- |
More example of arithmetic operators
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int a; int b; int c = 0; a = 10; b = 5; c = a + b; // + Console.WriteLine("Example of Addition operator:"); Console.WriteLine("a + b = " + c); // - c = a - b; Console.WriteLine("Example of Subtraction operator:"); Console.WriteLine("a - b = " + c); // * c = a * b; Console.WriteLine("Example of Multiplication operator:"); Console.WriteLine("a * b = " + c); // / c = a / b; Console.WriteLine("Example of Division operator:"); Console.WriteLine("a / b = " + c); // % c = a % b; Console.WriteLine("Example of Modulus operator:"); Console.WriteLine("a % b = " + c); // ++ c = ++a; Console.WriteLine("Example of Increment operator:"); Console.WriteLine("++a = " + c); // -- c = --b; Console.WriteLine("Example of Decrement operator:"); Console.WriteLine("--a = " + c); Console.ReadKey(); } }
Output
Relational Operators
Relational operators are used to check a relation between two oprends. The output is always true or false.
Example of rational operatos
int x = 10; int y = 20; Boolean isEqual = (x == 20); // the value of isEqual is false
The table below represents the Rational operator available in C#:
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
==' | To checks if the values of two operands are equal. | a == b |
!= | To Checks if the values of two operands are not equal. | a != b |
> | To Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand. | a > b |
< | To Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand. | a < b |
>= | To Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand. | a >= b |
<= | To Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand. | a <= b |
Comparison operator
The comparison operator is to compare two operands. It returns a true or false, based on the value of the operands being compared.
The table below lists the complete Comparison operators in C#:
Let use the ‘x’ variable in the table below, assuming it’s equal to 5.
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
< | Less than | x < 5 (returns true) |
> | Greater than | x > 6 (returns false) |
<= | Less than equal to | x <= 5 (returns true) |
>= | Greater than equal to | x >= 5 (returns true) |
== | Equal equal to | x == 5 (returns true) |
!= | Not equal to | x != 5 (returns false) |
Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The following table contains the most used assignment operators in C#:
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
= | Simplest and most used assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. | x = 1 + 1. result: x = 2 |
+= | Add and assignment operator. Adds right operand to the left operand then assign the result to left operand | x += 1, same as x = x + 1 |
-= | Subtract and assignment operator. Subtracts right operand from the left operand then assign the result to left operand | x -= 1, same as x = x - 1 |
*= | Multiply and assignment operator. Multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand | x *= 2, same as x = x * 2 |
/= | Divide and assignment operator. Divides left operand with the right operand then assign the result to left operand | x /= 2, same as x = x / 2 |
%= | Modulus and assignment operator. Takes modulus using two operands then assign the result to left operand | x %= 2, same as x = x % 2 |
Example of assignment operators
static void Main(string[] args) { int x; x = 5; // = Console.WriteLine("Example of simple assignment operator:"); x = 5 + 5; Console.Write("x = 5 + 5, "); Console.WriteLine ("x = " + x); // += x = 5; x += 1; Console.WriteLine("Example of += operator:"); Console.Write("x += 1, "); Console.WriteLine("x =" + x); // -= x = 5; x -= 1; Console.WriteLine("Example of -= operator:"); Console.Write("x -= 1, "); Console.WriteLine("x = " + x); // *= x = 5; x *= 2; Console.WriteLine("Example of *= operator:"); Console.Write("x *= 2, "); Console.WriteLine("x = " + x); // /= x = 5; x /= 2; Console.WriteLine("Example of /= operator:"); Console.Write("x /= 2, "); Console.WriteLine("x = " + x); // %= x = 5; x %= 2; Console.WriteLine("Example of %= operator:"); Console.Write("x %= 2, "); Console.WriteLine("x = " + x); Console.ReadKey(); }
Output:
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to perform logical operations between two operands. The operation always returns a Boolean value. The operators are used mainly in if statements and loops.
In C#, the representation of ‘and’ and ‘or’ are && and ||, respectively.
Below are the results returned from evaluation two operands using the operators “Or” and “And”:
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
&& | Logical “AND” operator. If one of the operands is false, then the result is false. | (a && b) |
|| | Logical “OR” Operator. If any of the two operands if true, then the result is true. | (a || b) |
! | Logical “NOT” Operator. This operator is uses to reverse the logic. If result is true, this operator will reserve it to false, and vise versa. | !(a && b) |
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators deal with bits on a bit to bit basis. The three Bitwise operators are:
- Bitwise OR |
Binary’ OR’ Operator. It copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
- Bitwise AND &
Binary ‘AND’ Operator. It copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
- Bitwise XOR ^
Binary ’ XOR’ Operator. It copies the bit if it exists in one operand but not both.
- Bitwise Left Shift <<
Binary ‘Left Shift’ Operator. The left operands value is shifted left by the number of bits specified in the right operand.
- Bitwise Right Shift >>
Binary ‘Right Shift’ Operator. The left operands value is shifted Right by the number of bits specified in the right operand.
Example of bitwise operator
static void Main(string[] args) { int x = 30; int y = 9; int z = 0; z = x & y; Console.WriteLine("z = x & y value is {0}", z); z = x | y; Console.WriteLine("z = x | y value is {0}", z); z = x ^ y; Console.WriteLine("z = x ^ y value is {0}", z); z = ~x; Console.WriteLine("z = ~x value is {0}", z); z = x << 2; Console.WriteLine("z = x << 2 value is {0}", z); z = x >> 2; Console.WriteLine("z = x >> 2 value is {0}", z); Console.ReadLine(); Console.ReadKey(); }
Miscellaneous Operators
Other important operators in C# including sizeof, typeof and &:
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
sizeof() | Returns the size of a data type | sizeof(decimal), returns16. |
typeof() | Returns the type of a class | typeof(String); |
& | Returns the address of a variable. | &x; returns address of the variable. |
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